West African lungfish - (Protopterus annectens)

🐟 West African Lungfish – (Protopterus annectens) – Primitive Air-Breathing Freshwater Fish

The West African Lungfish (Protopterus annectens) is a remarkable, prehistoric freshwater species found throughout rivers, swamps, and floodplains of West and Central Africa. Known for its eel-like body, mottled brown coloration, and ability to breathe air, this ancient fish has remained largely unchanged for millions of years.

What truly sets the West African Lungfish apart is its ability to survive extreme drought conditions. During dry seasons, it can enter a state of estivation, burrowing into mud and forming a protective cocoon until water returns—sometimes for several years. This unique adaptation makes it one of the most resilient freshwater fish in the world.

In aquariums, the West African Lungfish is hardy and adaptable but requires a large tank and should be housed alone or with very robust tankmates, as it can be predatory and territorial.

🔎 Quick Facts – West African Lungfish (Protopterus annectens)

• 📛 Common Name: West African Lungfish
• 🔬 Scientific Name: Protopterus annectens
• 🌍 Origin: West and Central Africa – Nigeria, Senegal, Chad, Congo River Basin
• 🎨 Appearance: Long, eel-like body with mottled brown/gray patterning and small pectoral fins
• 📏 Max Size: 3–4 feet (90–122 cm)
• 💎 Availability: Occasionally available; prized for its prehistoric traits

😇 Behavior & Temperament

• ⚔️ Semi-aggressive; will eat smaller fish
• 🐟 Best kept singly or with very large, non-aggressive species
• 🛑 Powerful bite; not safe for handling without care

🏠 Aquarium & Tank Requirements

• 📦 Minimum Tank Size: 150+ gallons
• 🪵 Sandy substrate or smooth bottom for burrowing behavior
• 🌿 Some hiding areas but plenty of open space for movement
• 💡 Low to moderate lighting

💧 Water Parameters – West African Lungfish Care

• 🌡️ Temperature: 75–82°F (24–28°C)
• ⚗️ pH: 6.0–7.5
• 💧 Hardness: Soft to moderately hard water

🍽️ Diet – Carnivorous

• 🐟 Fish fillets, shrimp, and squid
• 🦀 Crustaceans and mollusks
• 🍖 Worms and other meaty foods

📋 West African Lungfish Overview Table

✨ Highlight:
The West African Lungfish is a living fossil with incredible survival adaptations, making it one of the most fascinating and unique additions to large, specialized aquariums.