What are the spikes on my pleco?

❓ Why Did My Pleco’s Spikes (Odontodes) Fall Off and What Are They?

The “spikes” you see on your pleco are called odontodes — small, keratin-based, tooth-like projections found in many Loricariidae catfish species. They’re not true teeth but hardened skin structures that grow along certain areas of the body, most commonly on the pectoral fin spines, cheeks and head, and sides of the body.

In male plecos, especially during breeding season, odontodes can become long, thick, and very visible. In females and juveniles, they tend to be shorter and less noticeable.

🐠 Common Reasons for Odontode Loss

1. 📦 Stress from Shipping or Relocation
   • Transport is one of the most common reasons for temporary odontode loss.
   • Stress from handling, bagging, changes in temperature, and water chemistry can cause spikes to loosen or shed.
   • This is not harmful to the fish and is typically reversible with good care.
2. ♻ Natural Shedding and Wear
   • Odontodes are not permanent; they go through a growth and replacement cycle.
   • After breeding, territorial disputes, or seasonal changes, plecos may naturally shed spikes.
   • Physical contact with hard surfaces, other fish, or decor can also cause wear.
3. 🧑‍🤝‍🧑 Maturity Changes
   • As plecos grow, smaller or weaker odontodes may shed to make way for larger, stronger growth.
   • Juveniles entering maturity often go through a phase where old spikes drop off before new ones grow in.
4. ⚠ Health or Water Quality Issues (Less Common)
   • Poor water conditions, malnutrition, or illness can slow regrowth or cause excessive loss.
   • This is rare when fish are kept in proper conditions.

🌱 Regrowth is Normal — and Healthy

If your pleco is healthy, odontodes will regrow naturally over time. In many cases, they return sharper, thicker, and more vibrant. The regrowth speed depends on:

• 🧪 Water quality – Stable pH, ammonia at 0, and proper temperature for the species
• 🍽 Nutrition – High-quality sinking pellets, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein sources
• 🪵 Habitat – Driftwood, caves, and hiding places to reduce stress
• 🐟 Tankmates – Avoid overly aggressive fish that could cause injury or stress

💡 Care Tips for Faster Odontode Recovery

• Maintain pristine water with regular testing and partial water changes.
• Provide a balanced diet rich in plant matter and protein (depending on the species).
• Minimize handling and avoid unnecessary tank changes during the recovery period.
• Offer plenty of hiding spaces so the pleco feels secure.

Summary:
Odontode loss in plecos is completely normal in many cases, especially after shipping, breeding, or seasonal changes. With good care, your pleco will regrow its spikes — often looking even more impressive than before. If loss is excessive or accompanied by other signs of illness, check water parameters and consult an experienced aquarist for advice.